Granitic affinity mineralization in the central portion of the Colangüil batholith. Province of San Juan, Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.2/001Keywords:
Fluid inclusion, Frontal Cordillera, Gondwanic magmatism, Mineral paragenesis, TungstenAbstract
The central portion of the Batholith of Colangüil belongs to the Frontal Range and is located in the northwest of San Juan province, Argentina. It includes different granite units of Permian in age: Romo, Conconta, and Agua Blanca. These intrude the Cerro Agua Negra Formation, an Upper Carboniferous - Asselian sedimentary unit. These units are partially covered by volcaniclastic rocks of the Choiyoi Group, lower Permian-Triassic in age. The region was characterized by mineral extractions during the last century. Metalliferous mineralization has been recognized in the higher elevation areas of the Conconta and Agua Blanca plutons, with an early paragenesis of wolframite, fluorite, niobium, and quartz, and later deposition of scheelite, in quartz gangue. The latter was observed in the Agua Blanca pluton. The tectonic of the Cisuralian Permian San Rafael phase, compressive in nature, affected mainly the Cerro Agua Negra Formation. An oriented NW-SE fault array on the aforementioned igneous and sedimentary units stands out. Two regional fracturing axes limit laterally this sector of the batholith and match the location of the mineral deposits. A greater ascent of granite basement blocks can be seen to the south of the Conconta pluton and in the surroundings of the Agua Blanca pluton, based both on the intense erosion of its sedimentary host rock and by the little development of mineralization in the Romo sector. The fluid inclusion assemblages present in the veins of the Conconta and Romo sectors are linked with saline and carbonic fluid types, typical of the tungsten deposition cycle.
Downloads
References
Baraldo, J., Wetten, A., Olivares, L., and Moyano, E. (2002). Análisis de la fracturación andina en un sector de Cordillera Frontal, provincia de San Juan. Actas del 15 to . Congreso Geológico Argentino CD-ROM. Artículo N o . 274. 5pp.
Bodnar, R. J., and Vityk, M. O. (1994). Fluid Inclusions in Minerals, Methods and Applications, IMA Short Course Volume, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Press, 117-130.
Castro, C. E. (1993). Mecanismos de emplazamiento de los diques del Granito Los Puentes y su vinculación con el batolito de Colangüil entre las quebradas de Agua Blanca (30°16' S) y Tres Quebradas (29°40' S). San Juan. Argentina. Actas 12° Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2° Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Mendoza, 4, 90-88. Buenos Aires.
Glinkina, M. I. (1969). Behavior of tungsten and calcium in acid fluoride solutions at temperatures from 18 to 350°C. Geochemistry International, 5, 641-648.
Giambiagi, L., and Martinez, A. N. (2008). Permo-Triassic oblique extension in the Potrerillos-Uspallata area, western Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26, 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2008.08.008
Glinkina, M. I. (1969). Behavior of tungsten and calcium in acid fluoride solutions at temperatures from 18°C to 350°C. Geochemistry, 7, 641-648.
Goldstein, R. H., and Reynolds, T. J. (1994). Systematics of Fluid Inclusions in Diagenetic Minerals. SEPM, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Short Course 31, 199 p. https://doi.org/10.2110/scn.94.31
Harwood, A. (1985). Tungsten-tin mineralization at Chojlla in the Taquesi batholith, Cordillera Real, Bolivia. In Halls, C. et al. (eds.), High heat production (HHP) granites, hydrothermal circulation, and ore genesis: London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 549-561.
Henley, R. W., Truesdell, A. H., Barton, Jr., P. B., and Whitney, J. A. (1984). Fluid-Mineral Equilibria in Hydrothermal Systems. Society of Economic Geologists, Volume 1. ISBN electronic: 9781629490083. https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.01
Heredia, N., Rodríguez Fernández, L. R., Gallastegui, G., Busquets, P., and Colombo, F. (2002). Geological setting of the Argentine Frontal Cordillera in the flat-slab segment (30º 00 - 31º 30'S latitude). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 15, 79-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00007-X
Horner, C. (1979). Solubility and hydrolysis of FeWO 4 and MnWO 4 in the 25°-300°C range, and the zonation of wolframite. Chemical Geology, 27(1-2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(79)90105-0
Kittl, E., and Bellio, N. (1946). Estudio geológico - económico de los yacimientos de arsénico de Tocota, departamento Iglesia, provincia de San Juan. Revista Minera, 17(4), 73-104.
Korzeniewski, L. I. (2002). Inclusiones fluidas aplicadas a la exploración minera. SEGEMAR, Serie Publicaciones N o 165, 20 p.
Landis, G. P., and Rye, R. O. (1974). Geologic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope studies of the Pasto Bueno tungsten-base metal ore deposit, northern Perú. Economic Geology, 69, 1025-1059. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.69.7.1025
Lara, R., Puigdomenech, H., and Taner, M. (1993). Mineralización de metales preciosos (Au-Ag) y de base (Cu-Mo) en un sector de la quebrada del Arroyo Chita, Departamento Iglesia - San Juan. 12do Congreso Geológico Argentino - 2 do Congreso Explor. de Hidrocarburos. Tomo 5, 131-139. Mendoza, Argentina.
Lindsay, N. (1995). The Mineralogy of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Associated with Magmatism with Special Reference to Andean Examples. The University of New Zealand. In Short Course: Strategies for Exploration, Section IB; Marzo 23-24, Santiago, Chile.
Llambías, E. J., and Malvicini, L. (1966). Metalogénesis asociada a los plutones graníticos de la Cordillera Frontal, entre quebrada de Agua Negra y Río Castaño, San Juan. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 21(4), 239-261.
Llambías, E. J., and Malvicini, L. (1969). The Geology and Genesis of the Bi-Cu Mineralized Breccia Pipe, San Francisco de Los Andes, San Juan, Argentina. Economic Geology, 64, 271 - 286. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.64.3.271
Llambías, E. J., Sato, A. M., Puigdomenech, H., and Castro, C. E. (1987). Neopaleozoic batholiths and their tectonic setting. Frontal Range of Argentina between 29º and 31ºS. Congreso Geológico Argentino Nº 10, Symposium Circum Pacific and Phanerozoic Granites, Actas, Vol. 4, 92-95. San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Llambías, E. J., and Sato, A. M. (1990). El batolito de Colangüil (29-31ºS), Cordillera Frontal de Argentina; estructura y marco tectónico. Revista Geológica de Chile, 17(1), 89-108.
Llambías, E. J., Sato, A. M., and Castro, C. E. (1990a). Relaciones entre el Grupo Choiyoi y el Batolito de Colangüil. Congreso Geológico Argentino Nº 11, T. I. San Juan, pp. 79-82.
Llambías, E. J., Shaw, S., and Sato, A. M. (1990b). Lower Miocene plutons in the eastern Cordillera Frontal of San Juan (28.75º S; 69.30º W). XI Congreso Geológico Argentino, Tomo I: 83-86. San Juan, Argentina.
Llambías, E. J., and Sato, A. M. (1995). El batolito de Colangüil: transición entre orogénesis y anorogénesis. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 50(1-4), 111-131.
Maksaev, V., Moscoso, R., Mpodozis, C., and Nasi, C. (1984). Las unidades volcánicas y plutónicas del Cenozoico superior en la Alta Cordillera del Norte Chico (29º - 31º S): Geología, alteración hidrotermal y mineralización. Revista Geológica de Chile, 21, 11-51.
Maksaev, V. (2001). Reseña metalogénica de Chile y de los procesos que determinan la metalogénesis andina. Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
Malizia, D., Limarino, C. O., Sosa Gómez J., Kokot, R., Nullo, F., and Gutiérrez, P. R. (1999). Descripción de la Hoja Geológica Paso del Agua Negra (3169-2) - provincia de San Juan. SEGEMAR, 173 p. Buenos Aires, inédito.
Minera TEA (1968). Geología de la Alta Cordillera de San Juan. Su prospección y áreas con posibilidades mineras. Parte II. Departamento de Minería, provincia de San Juan, inédito.
Polanski, J. (1958). El bloque varíscico de la Cordillera Frontal de Mendoza. Asociación Geológica Argentina, Revista 12(3), 165-196.
Polanski, J. (1970). Carbónico y Pérmico en la Argentina. Editorial Eudeba, 2º Ed. 1978, 216 pág., Bs. As.
Quartino, B., and Zardini, R. A. (1967). Geología y petrología de la Cordillera de Colangüil y las serranías de Santa Rosa y San Guillermo, Cordillera Frontal de San Juan. Magmatismo y metalogénesis. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 22(1), 5-63.
Ramos, V. A., Page, R. N., Kay, S., Lapido, O., and Delpino, D. (1987). Geología de la región del volcán Tórtolas, Valle del Cura, provincia de San Juan. 10 mo . Congr. Geol. Arg., San Miguel de Tucumán.
Ramos, V. A. (1999). Las Provincias Geológicas del Territorio Argentino. Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales. Anales, 29(3), 41-96.
Roedder, E. (1984). Fluid Inclusions. Mineralogical Society of America, 12, 652 p. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501508271
Rodríguez Fernández, L. R., Heredia, N., Espina Cegarra, M. I. (1997). Stratigraphy and structure of the Argentine Central Andes between 30° and 31°S latitude. Acta Geológica Hispánica, 32(1-2), 51-75.
Rodríguez Fernández, L. R., Heredia, N., Gallastegui, G., Busquets, P., and Colombo, F. (2002). The Argentine Frontal Cordillera between 30° 00' and 31° 30'S latitude: polycyclic structure and tectonic evolution. Geogaceta, 32, 167-170.
Sato, A. M. (1989). Caracterización petrológica del plutón granítico de Chita, Departamento Iglesia, Pcia. de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/ Tesis_2250_Sato.pdf.
Sato, A. M., Llambías, E. J., Basei, M. A. S., and Castro, C. E. (2015). Three stages in the Late Paleozoic to Triassic magmatism of southwestern Gondwana, and the relationships with the volcanogenic events in coeval basins. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 63, 48-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2015.07.005
Shepherd, T. J., Rankin, A. H., and Alderton, D. H. (1985). A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7. Blackie and Son Limited.
Bishopbriggs. Glasgow G64 2NZ. Stappenbeck, R. (1910). La Precordillera de San Juan y Mendoza. Anales. Min. Agricultura. Sección Geología. Tomo 4, N o 3.
Wedepohl, K. K. (1978). Handbook of Geochemistry. Volume 2, Part 5. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. ISBN 3540090223.
Wetten, F. (1953). Estudio geológico-económico de los yacimientos de wolfram de Arrequintín, departamento Iglesia, provincia de San Juan. (Inédito). Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.
Wetten, A. F., Lanzilotta, M. I., and Olivares, L. A. (2000). Mineralization related to the central portion of the Colangüil Batholith. San Juan, Argentine. 31 st International Geological Congress. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Date: 10/08/00 - Booth M44.
Wetten, A. F. (2021). Mineralizaciones asociadas al Pluton Tocota. Sector Sur del Batolito de Colanguil, Cordillera Frontal, San Juan, Argentina. Boletín Geológico y Minero, 132(3), 229-251. https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.132.3.001
Wood, S., and Samson, I. M. (2000). The Hydrothermal Geochemistry of Tungsten in Granitoid Environments: I. Relative Solubilities of Ferberite and Scheelite as a Function of T, P, pH, and mNaCl. Economic Geology, 95, 143-182. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.95.1.143
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
