Characterization and main pathologies of the sandstone “Piedra Dorada” used in historic buildings in the cities of Úbeda and Baeza (Jaén, southern Spain)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.128.2.007Keywords:
architectonic heritage, durability, natural stone, Piedra Dorada, sandstoneAbstract
The sandstone known as "Piedra Dorada," or golden stone, is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction of many of the main historic buildings in the province of Jaén. Many examples can be found in the cities of Úbeda and Baeza, declared World Heritage Cities by UNESCO. A thorough characterization of their main varieties: "Viva," "Franca," and "Jabaluna" has been done. Original quarry materials as well as samples of monuments have been analyzed. In this study, we present a characterization of the mineralogical, textural, and geochemical features as well as the main physical properties of the varieties of "Piedra Dorada." Furthermore, this research investigates in-depth the main pathologies found in historic buildings in the cities mentioned above. We have established an order of quality of the varieties mentioned from the different parameters determined. We have also characterized the deterioration mechanisms amongst which are: biological colonization (lichens, algae, moss, and higher plants), an increase in capillary action, surface deposits (salts and black crust), and anthropic factors such as leaks into the sewer network, absence of covers and downspouts, etc. This study has allowed us to know in detail one of the most important construction stones of Andalusia in order to ensure its durability for future years.
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