Influencia de los procesos tectónicos y volcánicos en la morfología de los márgenes continentales ibéricos

A. Maestro; F. Bohoyo; J. López-Martínez; J. Acosta; M. Gómez-Ballesteros; E. Llave; A. muñoz; P. G. P. G. Terrinha; M. Dominguez; F. Fernández-Sáez

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.126.2-3.008

Autores/as

A. Maestro Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
F. Bohoyo Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
J. López-Martínez Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
J. Acosta Instituto Español de Oceanografía
M. Gómez-Ballesteros Instituto Español de Oceanografía
E. Llave Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
A. muñoz TRAGSA-SGM
P. G. P. G. Terrinha Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) - Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos
M. Dominguez Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
F. Fernández-Sáez Instituto Geológico y Minero de España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.126.2-3.008

Palabras clave:

Evolución Tectónica, Márgenes Continentales, Morfología Estructural Submarina, Morfología Volcánica Submarina, Procesos Endógenos

Resumen

Los márgenes continentales ibéricos son mayoritariamente de tipo pasivo, si bien, el sector septentrional ha actuado durante algunas etapas de su evolución geológica como un margen activo, y la zona meridional puede considerarse como un margen transformante que corresponde al límite entre las placas Ibérica y Africana y que también actuó como margen activo. Los diferentes tipos, orígenes e intensidades de los procesos endógenos que han afectado a los márgenes ibéricos han dado lugar al desarrollo de diferentes morfologías de origen tectónico y volcánico. La expansión del Atlántico norte ha contribuido al desarrollo de amplias plataformas marginales en los márgenes Cantábrico y de Galicia. La reactivación de fallas desarrolladas durante la Orogenia Varisca ha controlado la orientación de algunos de los más importantes cañones submarinos de los márgenes ibéricos. El Golfo de Cádiz se caracteriza por el desarrollo de morfologías relacionadas con tectónica salina, migración de fluidos, frentes de cabalgamiento y lineaciones de fallas direccionales con centenares de kilómetros de longitud. La Cuenca de Alborán y el Margen Bético muestran morfología relacionadas con la fase de rift miocena, que dio lugar al desarrollo de edificios volcánicos y relieves estructurales, y la posterior fase compresiva que comenzó en el Mioceno superior y se mantiene hasta la actualidad, con la formación de pliegues, fallas direccionales e inversas, fenómenos de diapirismo y desarrollo de volcanes de lodo. Por último, en el Margen Catalán-Valenciano y en el Promontorio Balear los rasgos morfológicos están estrechamente controlados por la presencia de altos y depresiones estructurales relacionadas con el desarrollo del Surco de Valencia durante el Paleógeno. Los rasgos morfoestructurales de origen endógeno han controlado de un modo muy importante la localización y magnitud de los procesos erosivos y sedimentarios a lo largo de los márgenes ibéricos y del mismo modo las morfologías asociadas a ellos.

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