Palinología y micropaleontología del Cretácico de la Cuenca James Ross, Antártida. Estado actual del conocimiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.125.4.005Palabras clave:
Antártida, bioestratigrafía, cuenca sedimentaria James Ross, micropaleontología, palinologíaResumen
Se realizó una revisión sobre la palinología y micropaleontología de los foraminíferos y nanofósiles calcáreos registrados en las sedimentitas cretácicas de los Grupos Gustav y Marambio en la Cuenca James Ross basándose en información publicada. Las localidades fosilíferas se concentran en las islas James Ross, Vega, Humps, Cockburn, Marambio (Seymour) y Cerro Nevado. Los palinomorfos fueron abundantes en casi todos los sectores de la cuenca desde el Berriasiano al Maastrichtiano. Además, en rocas cretácicas se hallaron especies retrabajadas del Pérmico y Jurásico provenientes de la Península Antártica. La gran similitud entre las asociaciones palinológicas del Cretácico de la Antártida y de otros sitios de altas latitudes permitió establecer correlaciones entre la Cuenca James Ross y localidades de Nueva Zelanda y Australia. En el límite Cretácico/Paleógeno en la Isla Marambio, las especies de palinomorfos marinos y no marinos indican un cambio gradual. Los foraminíferos cretácicos incluyeron 339 taxones: 179 aglutinados bentónicos, 142 calcáreos bentónicos y 18 planctónicos. Los principales estudios se centraron en depósitos del Campaniano y Maastrichtiano de las islas James Ross y Marambio. El descubrimiento de algunos nanofósiles calcáreos como excelentes marcadores bioestratigráficos en la cuenca, permitió mejorar la calidad de las correlaciones de las rocas del Campaniano inferior al Maastrichtiano superior del Grupo Marambio. Esta revisión sugiere que los estudios palinológicos y micropaleontológicos son aún insuficientes para reconstruir las características principales de la microbiota del Cretácico en la cuenca. Sin embargo, nuevas exploraciones, una mayor intensidad de muestreo y técnicas de laboratorio novedosas, garantizarán valiosos resultados futuros.
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