Análisis geomorfológico utilizando datos topográficos NEXTMap: aplicación a la region de Cárcavas de Basilacata (sur de Italia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.125.3.004Palabras clave:
cárcavas, concavidad del canal, MDE de alta resolución, relación pendiente-área, transición de procesos en superficieResumen
Las innovaciones tecnológicas para la investigación topográfica, tales como la interferometría radar de apertura sintética (IFSAR), permiten una disponibilidad creciente de modelos digitales de elevaciones (MDEs) precisos y de alta resolución. La extracción de parámetros geomorfológicos basados en MDEs, tales como áreas de drenaje, pendientes, curvaturas, etc., resulta de gran utilidad para los análisis morfológicos de detalle. Los gráficos bilogarítmicos de pendiente y áreas de drenaje se podrían utilizar para caracterizar regiones con diferentes dominios de procesos erosivos, atendiendo a la ley de Flint. Este estudio utiliza el MDE NEXTMap® Europe obtenido por IFSAR con una resolución espacial de 5 m para distinguir firmas geomorfológicas de procesos superficiales que tienen lugar en dos cuencas fluviales (los ríos Basanto y Cavone) en la región Basilicata en el sur de Italia. El análisis de 81 perfiles longitudinales de canales de cárcavas muestra que las pendientes más altas, que están dominadas por flujos de detritos y pequeños deslizamientos someros, son rectas o ligeramente convexas con valores de pendiente mayores que 0.1-0.4 m/m. Por debajo de este rango de pendientes, predomina la dinámica fluvial con respecto a los procesos erosivos de flujos de detritos. Corriente abajo, las condiciones de erosión fluvial cambian de erosión limitada por la disgregación, con canales relativamente pendientes y altamente cóncavos, a erosión limitada por la capacidad de transporte, con menor concavidad y menor pendiente. Aunque la litología, en particular el recubrimiento intacto en la parte superior de las laderas, influencia el gradiente del relieve, no afecta los procesos morfológicos actuantes; de hecho, los parámetros topográficos y los procesos erosivos sobre las pendientes no cambian en las diferentes regiones, ya esté el recubrimiento presente o no. Además la morfología del paisaje no parece estar afectada por la exposición norte o sur.
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