Use of compost for the restoration of mine wastes and mine soils

R. Paradelo

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.124.3.004

Autores/as

R. Paradelo AgroParisTech, UMR INRA / AgroParisTech Environnement et Grandes Cultures

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.124.3.004

Palabras clave:

compostaje, suelos, residuos mineros, residuos orgánicos

Resumen

Una de las principales limitaciones para la rehabilitación de los impactos ambientales asociados a las actividades mineras es la falta de materia orgánica de los residuos mineros y los nuevos suelos originados tras la actividad. Por esta razón, el uso de enmiendas orgánicas, como lodos de depuradora, estiércoles o compost se ha extendido como una estrategia exitosa para la rehabilitación. En este artículo se expondrán los resultados de experiencias recientes en el uso de materiales compostados en rehabilitación de espacios afectados por actividades mineras. Los beneficios derivados del uso de compost incluyen la mejora de las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de residuos mineros y suelos de mina desfavorables a los procesos de restauración. El incremento de materia orgánica asociado a la adición de compost provoca una mejora de la agregación que reduce la densidad aparente y aumenta la porosidad, reduciendo el riesgo de compactación y de erosión y mejorando la capacidad de retención de agua. Los valores de pH extremos son atenuados, al mismo tiempo que se incrementan las cantidades de nutrientes disponibles, especialmente N y P, y se reduce la biodisponibilidad de elementos potencialmente tóxicos. Finalmente, la introducción de poblaciones microbianas ausentes previamente conduce a la reactivación de los ciclos biogeoquímicos esenciales para el mantenimiento a largo plazo de la fertilidad y la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas restaurados.

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Citas

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