El registro de la ciclicidad de Milankovitch en márgenes continentales actuales: ciclos estratigráficos en plataformas terrígenas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.124.2.003Palabras clave:
Adriático, ciclos compuestos, Cuaternario, estratigrafía secuencial, Golfo de CádizResumen
Una síntesis de las respuestas sedimentarias a los ciclos del nivel del mar del Cuaternario terminal de la banda de Milankovitch se presenta en esta contribución, como base para investigar los patrones y conceptos de secuencias compuestas en ambientes someros de plataforma. Tras describir el registro de ciclos de 100 y 20 kyr descritos a nivel global, se discute el patrón de ciclicidades superimpuestas de dos márgenes como el Mar Adriático y el Golfo de Cádiz.
Los ciclos de 100 kyr son los más documentados en márgenes cuaternarios; se presentan bajo la forma de secuencias deposicionales limitadas por discontinuidades y compuestos mayoritariamente por unidades progradantes regresivas y depósitos transgresivos que muestran un menor desarrollo y mayor variabilidad. Los límites de secuencias se corresponden con superficies de erosión poligenéticas (regresivas-transgresivas) que reflejan un retrabajamiento transgresivo significativo de la discontinuidad subaérea original. Aunque las unidades progradantes que edifican en gran medida las secuencias han sido consideradas como resultado fundamental del descenso del nivel del mar, evidencias recientes están dilucidando una arquitectura estratigráfica más compleja, que permite la determinación de depósitos generados bajo condiciones de estabilización del nivel del mar.
Las alternancias estratigráficas asociadas a la ciclicidad de 20 kyr muestran una mayor variabilidad que las secuencias de 100 kyr, particularmente en la estructura básica de cortejos sedimentarios y la naturaleza de superficies limitantes. Los dos ejemplos descritos (Mar Adriático y Golfo de Cádiz) resaltan el hecho de que, en consonancia con el incremento de frecuencias de ciclos y secuencias, el aporte sedimentario y la dinámica de dispersión del sedimento afectan de una manera significativa la respuesta estratigráfica al factor de control principal (nivel del mar), determinando de esta forma una expresión variada de los ciclos de 20 kyr.
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