Impronta de la ciclicidad climática natural en sedimentos marinos durante el Plio-Pleistoceno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.124.2.009Palabras clave:
ciclicidad, milenaria, multi-decadal, orbital, Plioceno-PleistocenoResumen
La respuesta de la Tierra a la ciclicidad natural del clima se encuentra inscrita en los sedimentos marinos. La Tierra es un sistema complejo, en el que el cambio climático viene determinado por varios modos, frecuencia de sus ciclos, causas, condiciones de contorno, puntos irreversibles y elementos de no retorno. Los océanos amortiguan el cambio climático, y preservan en los sedimentos marinos las condiciones climáticas de la historia terrestre. Para su lectura es necesario que los registros estén bien datados, calibrados y analizados a alta resolución. Las reconstrucciones climáticas del pasado se basan en indicadores climáticos, tales como la composición atmosférica, temperatura, salinidad, productividad oceánica y viento, cuya naturaleza y calidad son cruciales. La calidad de los indicadores de paleoclima y paleoceanografía garantiza buenos resultados derivados de la modelización y su validación, y del rigor de las predicciones a partir de los modelos climáticos. Los mecanismos que rigen los cambios climáticos a escala orbital, milenaria y multi-decadal no se comprenden en la actualidad en su totalidad, como tampoco se conoce del todo el origen, ritmo y estabilidad de los ciclos. el origen de la ciclicidad climática puede ser natural (interacciones internas entre atmósferaocéano-continente o efecto externo de la radioactividad tal como la irradiancia solar y la actividad volcánica) o antropogénica. Hay que añadir además una alternativa y probable resonancia estocástica.
El presente trabajo aporta una visión de la ciclicidad que afecta a la Tierra, a varias escalas temporales, y contempla las épocas del Plioceno, Pleistoceno y Holoceno. Se recopilan algunas de las cuestiones clave que necesitan una mayor perseverancia para su entendimiento y se enumeran trabajos científicos representativos de ciclicidad registrada en el ámbito marino.
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