Simulation and calibration of saltwater intrusion problems: basic assumptions and implications

J.J. Hidalgo; L.J. Slooten; J. Carrera

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.118.especial.002

Authors

J.J. Hidalgo Dpto. Ingeniería del Terreno, Cartográfica y Geofísica, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña
L.J. Slooten Dpto. Ingeniería del Terreno, Cartográfica y Geofísica, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña
J. Carrera Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra “Jaume Almera” (CSIC)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.118.especial.002

Keywords:

density-dependent flow, groundwater numerical modelling, seawater intrusion

Abstract

The governing principles of density dependent are well established theoretically, and there are many computer codes that model them with precision. However, in practice it is common to find models that violate these principles. In this article the basic principles and their implications are reviewed from three perspectives: the mathematical formulation, the numerical methods, and the modelling process (optimization). Regarding the mathematical formulation perspective, it must be emphasized that there exists no potential for density dependent flow. The equivalent freshwater head is informative about the flow direction only in those regions where the water is actually freshwater. In addition, it is still common to find models where the sea boundary is treated as a prescribed concentration boundary, which is twofold erroneous: most codes do not treat this boundary condition correctly, and it is not a good representation of the phenomenon. With respect to numerical methods, there is a wide variety of them and most work well, except regarding the fixed concentration boundary. Comparisons should be made in terms of how easy it is to implement realistic coastal boundary conditions and in terms of how the velocity is treated (a consistent scheme is the best). Here, the solution by means of the Newton-Rhapson method is emphasized, not so much because of the improved efficiency it offers (saltwater intrusion problems are quasi-linear), but because of the advantages it offers when solving optimization problems, the final goal of modelling.

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