The Upper Devonian of the river Sil area: a stratigraphic correlation between León and Asturias, northern Spain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.132.3.005Keywords:
Cantabrian Mountains, depositional history, facies, sequence stratigraphy, Upper DevonianAbstract
We have studied the Upper Devonian succession of the river Sil area divided into five sections along a SW-NE transect. Thirteen lithofacies types have been identified based on lithology and sedimentological structures. They have been organised into facies associations representing depositional environments from the fluviomarine zone of the nearby part of the basin towards the distal offshore zone. Erosion surfaces and sequence boundaries have been identified and the succession is connected to the Upper Devonian sequence stratigraphic model of the southern Cantabrian Mountains and the Upper Devonian succession of the Coastal Ranges of Asturias in the north. The main portion of the Upper Devonian succession of the Sil area can be correlated with the Nocedo Formation, Gordón Member (sequence A) of early Frasnian age. In the south-westernmost sections of the Sil area parts of the Fueyo and Ermita formations are exposed; they constitute sequence C of early Famennian age. The Upper Devonian Unconformity separates these thick Frasnian-Famennian coarsening upward sequences from the overlying extensive Famennian-Tournaisian condensed succession of the Llombera Beds (sequence D).
Downloads
References
Alonso, J. L. L., Marcos, A. and Suárez, A. 2009. Paleogeographic inversion resulting from large out of sequence breaching thrusts: the León Fault (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain. A new picture of the external Variscan Thrust Belt in the Ibero-Armorican Arc. Geologica Acta, 7 (4), 451-473.
Barrois, C. 1882. Recherches sur les terrains anciens des Asturias et de la Galice. Mémoires de la Société Géologique du Nord, 2 (1), 1-630.
Brouwer A. 1964. Deux facies dans le Dévonien des Montagnes Cantabriques Méridionales. Brevoria Geologica Asturica, 4, 3-10.
Burchette, T. P. and Wright, P. 1992. Carbonate ramp depositional systems. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 3-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90003-A
Catuneanu, O. 2017. Sequence stratigraphy: guideline for a standard methodology. In: Montenari, M. (ed.), Advances in sequence stratigraphy. Stratigraphy and Timescales, 2, 1-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.sats.2017.07.003
Comte, P. 1959. Recherches sur le terrains ancients de la cordillera Cantabrique. Memorias del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, 60, 1-440.
Csato, I. and Catuneanu, O. 2012. Systems tract successions under variable climatic and tectonic regimes: A quantitative approach. Stratigraphy, 9 (2),109-130. https://doi.org/10.29041/strat.09.2.01
Dott, R.H. 1964. Wacke, Graywacke and matrix-what approach to immature sandstone classification? Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 34, 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1306/74D71109-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Dott, R. H. and Burgeois, J. 1982. Hummocky stratification: significance of its variable bedding sequences. Geological Society of America, 93, 663-680. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<663:HSSOIV>2.0.CO;2
Dunham, R.J. 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham, W. (ed.), Classification of carbonate rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 1, 108-122. https://doi.org/10.1306/M1357
Embry A. F. and Klovan, E. J. 1972. Absolute water depth limits of Late Devonian palaeoecological zones. Geologische Rundschau, 61, 672-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01896340
Fernández, L. P., Fernández-Martínez, E., Méndez-Bedía, I., Rodríguez, S. and García-Ramos, J. C., 1995. Devonian and Carboniferous reefal facies from the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). VII International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera, Field trip A, Guide book, Madrid, 72 pp.
Fernández, L. P., García-Alcalde, J. L. and Alonso, J. L. 2021. La Formación Ermita en el sinclinal de Vega de los Viejos. Geotemas, 18, 150-153.
Fernández-Martínez, E., Fernández, L. P., Méndez-Bedia, I. and Soto, F. 2008. Episodios arrecifales en el Devónico de la región del Cabo de Peñas (Asturias). Guía de campo (Excursión B). Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA), Colunga, 44 pp.
Flügel, E. 2004. Microfacies of carbonate rocks. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1-976. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08726-8_1
Frankenfeld, H. 1984. Deckenbewegungen im Namur der östlichen Kantabrischen Gebirges und die damit verbundenen Vorstellungen über die Paläogeographie der Namur- und prä- Namur-Schichen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 135, 223-241. https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/135/1984/223
García-Alcalde, J. L. 1978. Información complementaria. In: Rodríguez Fernández, L. R (ed), Memoria del mapa geológico de España escala 1:50000, 76 (Pola de Somiedo) - segunda serie. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España primera edición, 56 pp.
García-López, S. 1976. La Caliza de Candás en la zona de Luanco (Asturias) y su contenido en conodontos. Trabajos de Geología de la Universidad de Oviedo, 8, 173-185.
García-López, S. 1987. Los conodontos y su aplicación al estudio de las divisions cronostratigráficas mayores del Devónico Asturleonés (España). Publicaciones Especiales del Boletín Geológico y Minero de España, 1-112.
García-López, S. and Sanz-López, J. 2002a. Devonian to Lower Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy of the Bernesga Valley section (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). In: García- López, S. and Bastida, F. (eds), Paleozoic conodonts from northern Spain. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 1, Madrid, 163-205.
García-López, S. and Sanz-López, J. 2002b. The Palaeozoic succession and conodont biostratigraphy of the section between Cape Peñas and Cape Torres (Cantabrian coast NW Spain). In: García-Lopez, S. and Bastida, F. (eds), Paleozoic conodonts from northern Spain. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 1, Madrid, 126-156.
García-Ramos, J. C. and Colmenero, J. R. 1981. Evolución sedimentaria y paleogeogáfica durante el Devónico en la Cordillera Cantábrica. Program. Int. Corr. Geol. (2a parte). Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Segunda Parte, 61-71.
Gosh, P., Sarkar, S. and Maulik, P. 2006. Sedimentology of a muddy alluvial deposit: Triassic Denwa Formation, India. Sedimentary Geology 191, 3-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.01.002
Gutiérrez-Alonso, G.., Fernández-Suárez, J., and Weil, A. B. 2004. Orocline triggered lithospheric delamination? In: Susseman, A. J. and Weil, A. B. (eds), Paleomagnetic and structural analysis of Orogenic curvature. Special paper of the Geological Society of America, 383, 121-123. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2383-3(2004)383[121:OTLD]2.0.CO;2
Herrero-Alonso, D., Tarriño-Vinagre, A., Neira-Campos, A. and Fuertes-Prieto, N. 2016. Vegamián Formation: A new raw-material supply source in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain) during prehistory. Journal of Lithic Studies, 3 (2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i2.1449
Julivert, M. 1971. Décollment tectonics in the Hercynian Cordillera of NW Spain. American Journal of Science., 270, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.270.1.1
Keller, M., Bahlburg, H. and Reuther, C.D. 2008. The transition from passive to active margin sedimentation in the Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain: Devonian or Carboniferous? Tectonophysics, 461, 414-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.06.022
Kullmann, J. and Schönenberg, R. 1975. Geodynamische und palökologische Entwicklung im Kantabrischen Variszikum (Nordspanien). Ein interdiziplinäres Arbeitskonzept. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 3, 151-166.
Lotze, F. 1945. Zur Gliederung de Varisziden in der Iberischen Meseta. Geotektonische Forschungen, 6, 78- 92.
Marcos, A. and Pulgar, F. J. 1982. An approach to the tectonostratigraphic evolution of Cantabrian thrusts and fold belt, Variscan Cordillera of NW Spain. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paleontologie Abhandlungen, 163, 256-260. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/163/1982/256
Martín-Merino, G, Fernández, L. P., Colmenero, J. R. and Bahamonde, J. R. 2014. Mass-transport deposits in a Variscan wedge-top foreland basin (Pisuerga area, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Marine Geology, 356, 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.01.012
Martínez Álvarez, J. A., Gutiérrez Claverol, M. and Torres Alonso, M. (1975). Memoria. Mapa Geológico de España escala 1:50000, 28 (Grado) segunda serie. Instituto Geologico y Minero de España, primera edition, 49 pp.
Matte, P. 1991 Accretionary history and crustal evolution of the Variscan belt in western Europe. Tectonophysics, 196 (3-4), 309-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90328-P
Myrow, P.M. and Southard, J.B. 1996. Tempestite deposition. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66 (5), 875-887. https://doi.org/10.1306/D426842D-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Nichols, G. 2009. Sedimentology and Stratigraphysecond edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester (UK), 419 pp.
Pastor-Galán, D., Gutiérrez-Alonso, G., Fernández-Suárez, J., Murphy, J.B. and Nieto, F. 2013. Tectonic evolution of NW Iberia during the Paleozoic inferred from the geochemical record of detrital rocks in the Cantabrian Zone. Lithos, 182-183, 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.09.007
Pello Muñiz, J. 1976. Memoria. Mapa Geológico de España escala 1:5000, 52 (Proaza) segunda serie. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, primera edition, 53 pp.
Peréz-Estaún, A., Bastida, F., Alonso, J. L., Marquínez, J., Aller, J., Álvarez-Marrón, J., Marcos, J., and Pulgar, J. A. 1988. A thin-skinned tectonics model for an arcuate fold and thrust beld: the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan Ibero-Armorican Arc). Tectonics, 7, 517-537. https://doi.org/10.1029/TC007i003p00517
Radig, F. 1961. Ordovicium/Silurium und die Frage praevariszischer Faltungen in Nord Spanien. Geologische Rundschau, 52, 346-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01840085
Raven, J G.M. 1983. Conodont biostratigraphy and depositional history of the Middle Devonian to Lower Carboniferous in the Cantabrian Zone (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 52, 265-339.
Reineck, H.E. and Singh, J.B. 1975. Depositional sedimentary environments. Springer, Berlin, 439 pp.
Reinson, G.E. 1979. Facies models 14, Barrier islands. Geoscience Canada, 6 (2), 51-68.
Remane, A and Schlieger, C. 1971. Biology of Brackish Water. John Whiley and Sons, New York, 372 pp.
Rodríguez-Fernández, L.R. 1979. Memoria. Mapa Geológico de España escala 1:50000, 76 (Pola de Somiedo) segunda serie. Instituto Geológico y
Minero de España primera edición, 51 pp.
Sánchez de la Torre, L. 1977. Guía de las sesiones de campo. Formaciones detríticas y carbonatadas del Devónico Medio y Superior de la Cordillera Cantábrica. VIII Congreso Nacional de Sedimentología. Oviedo-León, 1977. Publicaciones del Departamento de Estratigrafía y Geología Histórica de la Universidad de Oviedo, 54 pp.
Sánchez de la Torre, L., Colmenero, J.R., Suárez de Centi, C. 1976. Serie de la arenisca del Devónico Superior en la Paya de la Gargantera. Trabajos de Geología, 8, 187-201.
Schlager, W. 2005. Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, 8, 200 pp. https://doi.org/10.2110/csp.05.08
Sjerp, N. 1967. The geology of the San Isidro-Porma area (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 38, 55-128.
Stampfli, G.M., Hochard, C., Vérard, C., Wilhem, C. and Von Raumer, J. 2013. The formation of Pangea. Tectonophysics, 593, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.037
Truyols, J., Arbizu, M., García-Alcalde, J. L., García-López, S., Méndez-Bedia, I., Soto, F. and Truyols Massoni, M. 1990. The Asturian-Leonese Domain (Cantabrian Zone). In: Dallmeyer, R. D. and Martínez García, E. (eds), Pre-Mesozoic geology of Iberia, 10-19, Berlin-Heidelberg (Springer).
Van Adrichem Bogaert, H.A. 1967. Devonian and Lower Carboniferous conodonts of the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain) and their stratigraphic application. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 39, 1-129.
Van den Berg, J. H., Boersma, J. R. and Van Gelder, A. 2007. Diagnostic sedimentary structures of the fluvial-tidal transition zone - Evidence from deposits of the Rhine and Meuse. Netherland Journal of Geoscience, 86 (3), 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600077866
Van den Bosch, W J. 1969. Geology of the Luna-Sil region, Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 44, 137-225.
Van Loevezijn, G.B.S. 1986. Stratigraphy and facies of the Nocedo, Fueyo and Ermita formations (Upper Devonian to lowermost Carboniferous) in León, N Spain. Scripta Geologica, 81, 1-116.
Van Loevezijn, G.B.S., 2020. Forebulge dynamics and sedimentary response of an initial Variscan foreland basin; the Upper Devonian of the southern Cantabrian Mountains, N Spain. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 171 (3), 249-276. https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/2020/0200
Van Loevezijn, G.B.S. and Raven, J.G.M. 1984. The Upper Devonian of the Somiedo area (Cantabrian Mountains, northwestern Spain). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatsheften, 5, 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1984/1984/279
Van Loevezijn, G B.S. and Raven, J.G.M. 2017. Frasnian carbonate shoals and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian series from the southern Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. Boletín Geológico y Minero de España, 128 (4), 931-961. https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.128.4.004
Van Loevezijn, G.B.S. and Raven, J.G.M. 2020. Facies patterns and depositional processes of two Frasnian mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain. Geologos, 26, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.2478/logos-2020-0001
Van Loevezijn, G.B.S. and Van Loevezijn Peña, A.L.M. 2017. Facies cycles and sequences in the Upper Devonian of the Bernesga area. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 168 (3), 313-339. https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/2017/0104
Vázquez, D.N. 1978. Memoria. Mapa geológico de España escala 1:50000, 101 (Villablino), segunda serie. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España primera edición, 56 pp.
Vleeshouwer, D., Crucifix, M., Bonceur, N. and Claeys, P. 2014. The impact of astronomical forcing on the Late Devonian greenhouse climate. Global and Planetary Change, 120, 65-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.06.002
Wagner, R.H., Winkler Prins, C.F. and Riding, R.E. 1971. Lithostratigraphic units of the lower part of the Carboniferous in northern León, Spain. Trabajos de Geología, 4, 603-663.
Walker, R.G. and Plint, A.G. 1992. Wave and storm shallow marine systems. In: Walker, R.G. and James, N.P. (eds), Facies Models: Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association of Canada, Geotext, 1, 219-238.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
