Fenómenos de inestabilidad natural en macizos rocosos graníticos: laderas en jabre, campos de bolos y bolos irregulares de granito

Autores/as

  • Leandro R. Alejano Departamento de Ingeniería de los Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Vigo
  • Ignacio Pérez-Rey Departamento de Ingeniería de los Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Vigo - Laboratorio de Geotecnia, CEDEX
  • Xián Estévez-Ventosa Departamento de Ingeniería de los Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Vigo
  • Mauro Muñiz-Menéndez Laboratorio de Geotecnia, CEDEX
  • Javier Arzúa Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Minas, Universidad Católica del Norte

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.132.4.002

Palabras clave:

Deslizamiento, Desprendimiento, Estabilidad Taludes, Granito, Mecánica de Rocas

Resumen


En este artículo se presenta una revisión de los fenómenos de inestabilidad que se producen típicamente en laderas naturales en terrenos graníticos a partir de la experiencia acumulada por los autores, principalmente en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica, que se caracteriza además por un clima oceánico muy húmedo con precipitaciones elevadas. Para ello, se presenta en primer lugar un breve repaso introductorio de aspectos geomorfológicos de los terrenos graníticos en el que se definen diferentes morfologías de laderas que pueden dar lugar a fenómenos de inestabilidad y que incluyen grandes bolos graníticos individuales y con formas típicamente elipsoidales, campos de bolos graníticos en zonas de escarpe y laderas de pendiente alta o media y, finalmente, laderas suaves de materiales graníticos descompuestos, denominados localmente jabres. En todos estos casos, la meteorización de los materiales graníticos juega un papel relevante, por lo que se explica brevemente como se van meteorizando y erosionando los macizos rocosos graníticos. Posteriormente y para cada una de estas tres casuísticas, se presenta un descripción típica de los fenómenos a estudiar y mecanismos de inestabilidad característicos a los que dan lugar y que habrá que analizar, se introducen las técnicas de caracterización adecuadas y se define el tipo de análisis de estabilidad más apropiado para los mismos. Finalmente, se presenta de forma breve un caso de estudio para cada fenomenología de inestabilidad.

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Publicado

2021-12-30

Cómo citar

Alejano, L. R., Pérez-Rey, I., Estévez-Ventosa, X., Muñiz-Menéndez, M., & Arzúa, J. (2021). Fenómenos de inestabilidad natural en macizos rocosos graníticos: laderas en jabre, campos de bolos y bolos irregulares de granito. Boletín Geológico Y Minero, 132(4), 375–398. https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.132.4.002

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