Spatial and temporal expression of the wetlands of the Atuel and Salado rivers, La Pampa, Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.132.1-2.004Keywords:
Argentina, hydrogeology, piezometric surface, remote sensing, wetlandsAbstract
Wetlands are complex and diverse ecosystems, both in their biological characteristics and physical processes that determine their functioning. Their expression varies according to various factors, such as weather, geological environment, relationships between surface and groundwater and anthropogenic influence. The area is located at the confluence of the Atuel and Salado Rivers, in a semi-arid region within an extensive alluvial plain with many channels and flooded areas. The hydrological regime is drastically modified by upstream uses, which complicate the understanding of its functioning. The objective of the study was to describe changes in the spatial patterns of flooded areas, based on remote sensing with optical satellite images (Landsat 5 TM, 8 OLI and Sentinel 2A). For the analysis of the inter-annual and monthly spatial variation, the events and continuous series between 1984 and 2017 were used. The surface and groundwater interaction was analyzed by comparing flows, variation of the water table and hydrochemistry. The activation of the wetlands shows an expansion and contraction related to the hydrological regime of both rivers, with a predominantly influential character. Groundwater gradients have the same direction as the surface flows. The lack of these flows drastically deteriorates chemical quality of the groundwater. The flooded pattern differs according to the magnitude of the runoff events. The synchronicity of high flows in both rivers determines the area expression of the wetlands and the surface outflow from the system.
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