The Historical Quarries of Jabal Fuwairit (North Qatar): Preliminary Studies for its Enhancement, Conservation, and Musealisation

David  Martín Freire-Lista; Robert  Carter; Faisal Abdulla  Al-Naimi

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin/137.1/009

Autores/as

David Martín Freire-Lista UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - Centro de Geociências da Universidade de Coimbra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-4002
Robert Carter Qatar Museums https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-5814
Faisal Abdulla Al-Naimi Qatar Museums https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-3716

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/137.1/009

Palabras clave:

Dunas fósiles, calizas, Nasr bin Shahin Al Tuwar, arqueología

Resumen

Las canteras históricas de Jabal Fuwairit se encuentran en el norte de Qatar, aproximadamente a 1 km al NO del sitio arqueológico de Fuwairit (N 26° 2’ 28.457’’ E 51° 21’ 57.418’’). Las dunas fósiles de Jabal Fuwairit son pseudoparalelas a la costa con una orientación NW-SE. Tienen aproximadamente 1,3 km de largo y 0,2 km de ancho en su parte más ancha. A lo largo de las colinas se encuentran numerosos vestigios de cantería histórica. La piedra de construcción tradicionalmente extraída en Jabal Fuwairit es una caliza oolítica caracterizada por estratificación cruzada de escala media y una red de bioturbación con madrigueras de ophiomorpha y raíces cementadas. Los ooides están bien clasificados y son de grano medio a grueso, con escasos restos fósiles. La estratificación cruzada está dispuesta en planos pseudohorizontales, que junto con las grietas de desecación, llenas de material fangoso (planos pseudoverticales), facilitaron la extracción de bloques individuales en la cantera histórica. Lo que permitió individualizar bloques sin necesidad de herramientas sofisticadas. La homogeneidad, el tamaño de grano y la alta porosidad de esta piedra permiten que sea fácilmente tallada. Las canteras históricas de Jabal Fuwairit se encuentran en un entorno geológico privilegiado y tienen numerosos grabados rupestres, especialmente marcas de copa, e incluso un plano de una casa con una inscripción, que da fe del lugar donde se extrajo la piedra para la construcción de una residencia del jeque Nasr bin Shahin Al Tuwar, jefe de Fuwairit, alrededor de 1900. Las canteras históricas de Jabal Fuwairit pueden reutilizarse generando rentabilidad económica con acciones culturales. Cuentan con numerosos elementos geológicos y arqueológicos para convertirse en un museo al aire libre.

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