The Snezhnaya-Mezhennogo-Illyuziya cave system in the western Caucasus

B.R. Mavlyudov

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.127.1.015

Autores/as

B.R. Mavlyudov Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.127.1.015

Palabras clave:

Cáucaso, geología, geomorfología, sedimentos de cueva, sistema de cuevas

Resumen

El sistema de cuevas Snezhnaya-Mezhennogo-Illyuziya (SMI) se encuentra en el macizo kárstico Khipstinsky, en el Cáucaso occidental. La cueva representa un sistema arborescente y ramificado de canales de cuevas a través de los que fluyen corrientes de agua subterránea y cambian en una dirección ascendente en pozos subverticales. Se han estudiado tres de dichos pozos que tienen una conexión con un río subterráneo: Snezhnaya (1 970 m s.n.m.), Mezhennogo (2 015 m s.n.m.) y Illyuziya (2 389 m s.n.m.). El sistema de cuevas SMI se investiga desde 1971 y la profundidad del sistema conocida hasta la fecha es de 1760 m, la longitud es de 32 km, el volumen es de 2.7 millones m³ y el volumen específico es 84 m³/m. La cámara más grande de la cueva, Thronnyj, tiene un tamaño de 309x109x40 m. La descarga media del río subterráneo es de 500 l/s. La temperatura en la cavidad varía de 0 a 6.5°C. La investigación del sistema de cuevas SMI continúa en la actualidad.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Bazarova, E.P., Mazina, S.E., Khodyrev, E.V. 2013. Mineralogical research in the cave system Snezhnaya-Mezhennogo-Illyuziya (the Western Caucasus, the Bzybsky Ridge): preliminary results and directions of the further works. Speleology and Kastology, 10, 76-85.

Bukiya, S.G., Kolosovskaya, O.V., Abamelik E.M. 1971. Geological map and map of minerals of Abkhazian ASSR. Nedra, Moscow, 338 pp.

Complex karst-speleological researches and protection of the geological environment of the Western Caucasus. 1987. Dublyansky, V.N., Klimenko, V.I., Vakhrushev, V.A., Rezvan, V.D. (ed.), Sochi, 124 pp.

Dublyansky, V.N and Kiknadze, T.Z. 1984. Hydrogeology of karst of the Alpine folded area of the south of the USSR. Nauka, Moscow, 125 pp.

Dublyansky, V.N. 1977. Karst caves and shafts of the Mountain Crimea. RGS, Leningrad, 184 pp.

Dublyansky, V.N. 2000. Entertaining speleology. Ural LTD, Chelyabinsk, 254 pp.

Dyagteryov, A. 2009. On the other side of Snezhnaya: what further? Svet (Light), 1(35), 6-17.

Dyagteryov, A. Abris of cave system Snezhnaya-Mezhennogo-Illyuziya. Speleoclub «13 mm», Moscow, Russia, 12.02.2014. http://club13mm.ru/topo/

Galaktionov, V.M, Glebov, V. Yu., Zakharov, A.A., Zverev, M.M, Zinyukov, P.I, Mavlyudov, B.R., Khabarovskaya, M.V. 1974. The deepest karst shaft of the Soviet Union. Zemlevedenie, 10 (50), 58-60.

Giginejshvili, G.N. 1979. Karst water of the Big Caucasus and the main problems of karst hydrology. Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 224 pp.

Gusev, A.S. and Mazina, S.E. 2010. Movement of karst water of the Snezhnaya system (the Western Caucasus): results of dye tracing experience 2010. Speleology and Spelestlogy: development and interaction of sciences, Proceedings of the International scientific-practical conference, NSPI, Naberezhnye Chelny, 121-124.

Gvozdetsky, N.A. 1972. Problems of karst studying and practice. Mysl, Moscow, 392 pp.

Kipiani, Sh.A. 1965. About geomorphological types of karst of the Georgia. Peshery Gruzii (Caves of Georgia), 3, 41-47.

Lyudkovsky, G.V., Mavlyudov, B.R., Morozov, A.I., Nemchenko, T.A., Usikov, D.A. 1981. About research of the Snezhnaya - the deepest cave of the USSR (the Western Caucasus). Doklady Akademii Nauk of the USSR, 259 (2), 437-442.

Mavlyudov B.R. and Vturin, B.I. 1988. Snow-ice formations of karst cavities of the Khipstinsky massif. Data of Glaciological Studies, 62, 148-153.

Mavlyudov, B.R. 1980. Feature of structure of snow-ice formations in the shaft Snezhnaya on the Western Caucasus. Data of Glaciological Studies, 40, 189-193.

Mavlyudov, B.R. 1981. Condition of snow and ice formation in the karst shaft Snezhnaya. Accumulation of a Winter Cold in Rocks and its Use in a National Economy. Perm, 62-64.

Mavlyudov, B.R. 1996. Snow accumulation on a southern slope of the Bzybsky Ridge and a role of a karst relief in its redistribution. Data of Glaciological Studies, 80, 146-150.

Mavlyudov, B.R. 2001. Rhythmic processes in caves glaciation. Data of Glaciological Studies, 90, 138-142.

Mavlyudov, B.R. 2008. Caves glaciation. IGRAS, Moscow, 290 pp.

Mavlyudov, B.R. and Morozov, A.I. 1984. Shaft Snezhnaya. Peshery (Caves), 13, 15-25.

Mavlyudov, B.R. and Usikov, D.A. 1979. Interim short report on researches cave "Snezhnaya" by West Caucasian karst-glacial group of glaciology department of the Institute of geography of Academy of Sciences of the USSR (June-July, 1979). Supervisor of studies: corresponding member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR Kotlyakov, V.M., Moscow, Institute of geography AS USSR, 71 pp. http://www.snowcave.ru/library/nauchn/mavludov-usikov.html

Mazina, S.E., Bazarova, E.P., Bashirov, A.M., Gabbasova, E.R., Gusev, A.S., Kopachevskij, Yu.Yu., Kochetkov, S.N., Savinov, V.P, Shadrin, V.O. 2011. Abiotic components of ecosystem of Snezhnaya Cave (Illyusiya-Mezhennogo-Snezhnaya), a condition and research problems. Mineralogy of Tehnogenez - 2011, Proceedings of XII scientific seminar, Potapov S.S. (ed.). IM UD RAS, Miass, 219-238.

Shelepin A. 2007. Illyuziya. Russian Geographical Society, Moscow, Russia, 12.02.2014. http://rgo-speleo.ru/biblio/illuzia.htm

Tintilozov, Z.K. 1976. Karst caves of the Georgia. Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 275 pp.

Vakhrushev, B.A., Dublyansky, V.N., Amelichev, G.N. 2001. Karst of the Bzybsky Ridge. The Western Caucasus. PFUR, Moscow, 165 pp.

Zverev, M.M, Kudryavtsev, E.A., Mavlyudov, B.R., Nozdrachev, M.N, Tchebotaryov, N.G. 1975. Research of karst cavities of the Razdelnyj Ridge and shaft Snezhnaya. Sostoyanie i problemy karstovo-speleologicheskikh issledovanij (Conditions and problems of karst-speleological researches), Moscow, 94-95.