Cartografía de la cuenca del Kalahari en el sur de Angola mediante métodos radiométricos y teledetección
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/136.1/005Palabras clave:
Kalahari, Teledetección, Radiometría, Geofísica aeroportada, Cartografía geológicaResumen
El Plan Geológico Nacional de Angola (PLANAGEO) ha supuesto un importante reto cartográfico: reconocer y muestrear un vasto territorio de difícil acceso en un tiempo limitado, con la posibilidad de interceptar minas antipersona y antitanque diseminadas por el territorio, entre otros riesgos. Estas vicisitudes se hacen más significativas cuanto más remota es la región, como es el caso de la cuenca de Owambo, situada en el sur de Angola. Esta cuenca, también llamada Cuvelai-Etosha, es uno de los principales depocentros de la cuenca del Kalahari rellena por los sedimentos cenozoicos de tres grandes sistemas fluvio-deltaicos: Cunene, Cubango y Cuvelai. La inactividad de los dos primeros sistemas, la falta de afloramientos y la escasa continuidad lateral de las facies han dificultado aún más la definición litoestratigráfica y la cartografía geológica. Durante las primeras fases del proyecto, se realizó el mapa del regolito, basado en la metodología del CRC LEME (Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environment and Mineral Exploration). El uso de cocientes de bandas y del algoritmo de Análisis de Componentes Principales Dirigidos para procesar las imágenes multiespectrales Landsat 8 propuestos por esta metodología, en combinación con las imágenes radiométricas adquiridas a partir de la campaña aerogeofísica regional realizada en PLANAGEO, demostró ser una técnica esencial para la cartografía de los grandes sistemas deltaicos de la cuenca de Owambo y la diferenciación de las unidades geológicas dentro de estos sistemas.
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