Triassic-Jurassic pteridosperms of Australasia: speciation, diversity and decline

G.A. Pattemore; J.F. Rigby; G. Playford

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.126.4.004

Autores/as

G.A. Pattemore School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland
J.F. Rigby School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology
G. Playford School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.126.4.004

Palabras clave:

pteridospermas, Australasia, Gondwana, Triásico, Jurásico

Resumen

Muchas especies de pteridospermas que se encuentran preservadas de forma abundante en rocas triásicas de Gondwana, poseen patrones de variación morfológica notables que han sido atribuidos a modelos de especiación relacionados con la hibridación. Sin embargo, este es un razonamiento improbable, porque la hibridación es un fenómeno que se produce raramente en las gimnospermas. Es más fácil explicar esta diversidad morfológica, que está bien representada en las floras del intervalo Anisiense-Noriense (Triásico Medio y Superior) de Australasia y otras regiones de Gondwana, por un proceso de especiación alopátrica debido a un conjunto de factores relacionados con provincialismos geográficos y climáticos. La mayor parte de los especímenes estudiados en este trabajo pertenecen a tres familias: Umkomasiaceae, Peltaspermaceae y Matatiellaceae. Estas, junto con varios géneros posiblemente pteridospérmicos, se revisan en este estudio. La diversidad específica en las familias mencionadas aparentemente declinó a partir del Retiense, y no se restableció en el post-Triásico de Gondwana. Los estratos post-Triásicos de Australasia contienen distintas asociaciones florísticas notablemente distintas. Ninguna de las fructificaciones encontradas hasta el momento son claramente pteridospérmicas. Además, ningún otro tipo de resto hallado presenta alguna relación obvia con las pteridospermas del Triásico de Gondwana. Las fructificaciones de Caytoniales no se conocen en las rocas de Australasia; sin embargo, se han registrado filocenosis relacionables con plantas de este orden en el Este de Gondwana, incluida Australia, desde el Triásico Superior hasta el Jurásico Medio. A partir del Jurásico Inferior hasta el Eoceno, una gran parte de los restos foliares con aspecto de helecho que se han relacionado en Gondwana con las pteridospermas no presentan evidencias reales para atribuirlos a este grupo de gimnospermas.

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