Sistemas turbidíticos de aguas profundas: revisión de sus elementos, procesos sedimentarios y modelos deposicionales. Sus características en los márgenes Ibéricos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.126.2-3.001Palabras clave:
elemento arquitectónico, Iberia, procesos sedimentario, abanico submarino, sistema turbidíticoResumen
Los sistemas turbidíticos son considerados las acumulaciones clásticas más importantes en los márgenes continentales distales y representan los principales sistemas de transferencia del sedimento desde el continente hasta el medio marino profundo. Su registro sedimentario contiene información sobre los factores globales y locales que han controlado la formación y evolución de nuestros mares y océanos. Sus diferentes escalas y métodos de observación han contribuido a la falta de una terminología unificadora. Para resolver este problema su estudio se aborda a través de la identificación de los elementos arquitectónicos que los conforman. Los principales elementos arquitectónicos que definen un sistema turbidítico son: elementos erosivos de gran escala (inestabilidades sedimentarias y cañones), canales y depósitos de canal, depósitos de desbordamiento y lóbulos. Estos elementos están compuestos principalmente por depósitos de flujos gravitativos, siendo las turbiditas los sedimentos más reconocidos, y por depósitos de movimiento de masas. La génesis y el carácter de estos elementos, así como la geometría general de los sistemas, indican que se forman por una compleja interacción entre factores locales y globales. Existen diversas clasificaciones de los sistemas, siendo la más utilizada la que se basa en el tamaño de grano y sistemas de área fuente. Además del gran interés científico que poseen los sistemas turbidíticos, estos tienen un gran interés económico, ya que las arenas turbidíticas constituyen reservorios en potencia de gas y petróleo. Los sistemas turbidíticos en los márgenes ibéricos presentan una gran variedad de tamaños, distribución en los dominios fisiográficos, estilo y geometría de los elementos arquitectónicos, y tipos de sedimentos. Los más estudiados son los del Mar Mediterráneo mientras que los del Océano Atlántico aún siguen siendo poco conocidos.
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