Shelves around the Iberian Peninsula (II): Evolutionary sedimentary patterns

F. J. Lobo; R. Durán; C. Roque; M. Ribó; G. Carrara; I. Mendes; A. Ferrín; L. M. Fernández-Salas; S. García-Gil; I. Galparsoro; F. Rosa; P. Bárcenas

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.126.2-3.006

Autores/as

F. J. Lobo Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-Universidad de Granada)
R. Durán Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)
C. Roque Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera
M. Ribó Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)
G. Carrara Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera
I. Mendes CIMA, Universidade do Algarve
A. Ferrín Departamento de Geociencias Marinas, Universidade de Vigo
L. M. Fernández-Salas Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz
S. García-Gil Departamento de Geociencias Marinas, Universidade de Vigo
I. Galparsoro AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division
F. Rosa CIMA, Universidade do Algarve
P. Bárcenas Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.126.2-3.006

Palabras clave:

plataformas continentales, Península Ibérica, glacio-eustasia, evolución a largo plazo, morfo- estructura, aporte sedimentario, secuencia estratigráfica

Resumen

Presentamos una visión sintética de los patrones sedimentarios evolutivos de las plataformas continentales de la Península Ibérica, con un énfasis particular en las interpretaciones de estratigrafía secuencial propuestas y con el objetivo de realizar una comparación entre los estilos de construcción de plataformas continentales en el Atlántico y el Mediterráneo.
La mayor parte de las plataformas estudiadas muestran un claro predominio de los depósitos progradantes desarrollados durante intervalos de descenso relativo y de bajo nivel del mar, lo cual es particularmente evidente en el registro sedimentario Plioceno-Cuaternario, reflejando el control primario de los cambios glacioeustáticos. Los depósitos transgresivos y de alto nivel del mar previos al Último Máximo Glacial parecen estar mejor representados en plataformas continentales influenciadas por los grandes cursos fluviales. Los depósitos transgresivos postglaciales muestran una gran variabilidad espacial, cambiando lateralmente desde parasecuencias progradantes hasta extensas láminas arenosas. Por el contrario, los depósitos de alto nivel del mar Holocenos muestran un carácter más homogéneo, con desarrollo de cuñas sedimentarias proximales y depocentros fangosos distales.
Los diferentes estilos de crecimiento de las plataformas continentales atlánticas de Iberia resultan básicamente de la interacción entre los regímenes deposicionales e hidrodinámicos, observándose una gradación latitudinal de plataformas desde la plataforma erosiva del Mar Cantábrico a la plataforma deposicional del Golfo de Cádiz. Localmente, se identifican algunos sectores de la plataforma que no responden a este patrón general, sino que su crecimiento está controlado por rasgos morfo-estructurales (por ejemplo, los ambientes de rías y las plataformas atravesadas por accidentes tectónicos mayores). Los patrones de crecimiento de las plataformas mediterráneas de Iberia están estrechamente relacionados con el aporte fluvial, diferenciándose dos estilos básicos: plataformas con alto aporte y plataformas con bajo aporte sedimentario. El estilo de bajo aporte sedimentario es el tipo más frecuente, el cual puede mostrar una mayor complejidad en función de la existencia de cañones submarinos y/o de rasgos morfoestructurales.

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