Patrones de fraccionamiento de tierras raras en sedimentos estuarinos como consecuencia del drenaje ácido de mina: estudio del SW de España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.123.1.005Palabras clave:
estuario, mezcla de agua ácida y salina, minería, sedimentos, tierras rarasResumen
Los procesos de dilución de agua de mar y de neutralización ácida causa efectos evaluables en el fraccionamiento de tierras raras (REE) y han sido estudiados en los sedimentos del estuario de los ríos Tinto y Odiel. Se puede observar un comportamiento diferente entre las tierras raras ligeras (LREE) en relación con las tierras raras medias (MREE) y pesadas (HREE). Un relativo empobrecimiento de La se observa como consecuencia de la influencia de los bajos valores de pH que impide la transferencia de LREE en solución hacia la materia en suspensión. Por otro lado, cuando la neutralización ácida ocurre hay un aumento en el contenido de La, relacionado con el empobrecimiento preferencial LREE sobre MREE y HREE. En tales condiciones, se han distinguido tres modelos de fraccionamiento principales. El primero muestra un ligero enriquecimiento de MREE en sedimentos depositados en la zona fluvial. El segundo muestra una disminución significativa de LREE y una tendencia casi plana de MREE y HREE hacia la zona de mezcla estuarina. El tercero es el enriquecimiento en la totalidad de REE y muestra un enriquecimiento relativo de LREE y MREE. Mirando la evolución de este modelo, el pH es la variable clave que controla el fraccionamiento de REE en entornos afectados por el drenaje ácido de mina.
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