Methods and instrumental techniques for the study of acidic water systems

P. Acero Salazar; M.ª P. Asta Andrés; C. Torrentó Aguerri; M.ª J. Gimeno Serrano; L. F. Auqué Sanz; J. B. Gómez Jiménez

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.122.2.005

Autores/as

P. Acero Salazar Grupo de Modelización Geoquímica, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza
M.ª P. Asta Andrés Grupo de Modelización Geoquímica, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza
C. Torrentó Aguerri Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA), CSIC
M.ª J. Gimeno Serrano Grupo de Modelización Geoquímica, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza
L. F. Auqué Sanz Grupo de Modelización Geoquímica, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza
J. B. Gómez Jiménez Grupo de Modelización Geoquímica, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.122.2.005

Palabras clave:

geoquímica, metodología, minería, sulfuros, toma de muestras

Resumen

Los sistemas de aguas ácidas presentan una gran complejidad geoquímica, ya que involucran una gran variedad de procesos de interacción entre aguas superficiales o subterráneas, gases (sobre todo el oxígeno atmosférico), minerales responsables de la generación de acidez y aquellos que intervienen en la atenuación natural de los contenidos de elementos disueltos y distintos tipos de actividad biológica. Por ello la calidad y fiabilidad de un estudio geoquímico en este tipo de sistemas dependen en gran medida de que las técnicas de muestreo, preservación y análisis de aguas, minerales, gases y muestras biológicas sean las más adecuadas para el tipo de interpretaciones que se desea realizar. En este trabajo se detallan las principales características de los métodos y técnicas más habituales empleados en los estudios geoquímicos desarrollados en sistemas de aguas ácidas en entornos ricos en sulfuros, teniendo en cuenta no sólo los distintos tipos de muestras habituales sino también las peculiaridades de los distintos tipos de sistemas (cortas mineras, balsas de lodos, arroyos ácidos, etc). Además, se indican las posibles aplicaciones y dificultades de cada metodología y técnica descrita y se proporcionan referencias a otros estudios científico-técnicos que permiten profundizar en los fundamentos de su uso.

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