Multiscale and multifactor sea-groundwater interactions in southwestern Mauritania

Ahmed Salem Mohamed; Christian Leduc; Mohamed  Avoulwatt

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin/133.1/006

Autores/as

Ahmed Salem Mohamed ESP (Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique)
Christian Leduc IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement)
Mohamed Avoulwatt PND (Parc National du Diawling)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/133.1/006

Palabras clave:

Antropización, Intrusión de agua marina, Mauritania, Paleohidrología, Zona semiárida

Resumen

En las zonas semiáridas los acuíferos costeros están particularmente expuestos a los cambios ambientales debido a una recarga anual muy baja y al aumento de la presión antropogénica. Este es el caso del acuífero freático de Trarza (sudoeste de Mauritania), ubicado en la parte superior y norte de la gran cuenca sedimentaria senegalesa-mauritana. Las interacciones entre el Océano Atlántico y el acuífero terciario-cuaternario han variado considerablemente durante los últimos milenios y estos continuos cambios afectan a la naturaleza y la ubicación de los procesos, a sus intensidades y a sus consecuencias actuales. En esta vasta región de topografía muy plana, las observaciones hidrodinámicas y geoquímicas son escasas y sólo permiten reconstruir los principales aspectos de la historia reciente. El análisis de datos antiguos y recientes revela que las variaciones eustáticas y la inundación anual del río Senegal fueron en el pasado los factores más importantes de equilibrio entre el agua dulce y el agua de mar, incluso muy lejos de la línea de costa actual. Hoy, la antropización, en particular las obras hidráulicas y la urbanización, aumentan la complejidad del sistema. A una escala más local, algunas observaciones locales más densas en la zona urbana de Nouakchott y en el parque natural de Diawling permiten comprender mejor la dinámica actual.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Akouvi, A., Dray, M., Violette, S., de Marsily, G., and Zuppi, G. M. (2008). The sedimentary coastal basin of Togo: example of a multilayered aquifer still influenced by a palaeo-seawater intrusion. Hydrogeology Journal, 16(3), 419-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0246-1

Amani, A., Lebel, T., Rousselle, J., and Taupin J. D. (1996). Typology of rainfall fields to improve rainfall estimation in the Sahel by the Area Threshold Method. Water Resources Research, 32(8), 2473-2487. https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR01100

Barragan, J. M., and de Andres, M. (2015). Analysis and trends of the world's coastal cities and agglomerations. Ocean Coastal Management, 114, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.004

Ben Kabbour, B., Zouhri, L., and Mania, J. (2005). Overexploitation and continuous drought effects on groundwater yield and marine intrusion: considerations arising from the modelling of Mamora coastal aquifer, Morocco. Hydrological Processes, 19(18), 3765-3782. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5631

Certain, R., Dia, A., Aleman, N., Robin, N., Vernet, R., Barusseau, J. P., and Raynal, O. (2018). New evidence of relative sea-level stability during the post-6000 Holocene on the Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania). Marine Geology, 395, 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.007

Colombani, N., Cuoco, E., and Mastrocicco, M. (2017). Origin and pattern of salinization in the Holocene aquifer of the southern Po Delta (NE Italy). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 175, 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.01.011

Diaw, M., Mall, I., Le Blanc, M., Faye, S., and Travi, Y. (2019). Quantitative estimation of recharge potentialities of shallow aquifers in Senegal River Delta hydrosystem. American Journal Water Science and Engineering, 5(2), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20190502.12

Dieng, B., Ledoux, E., and de Marsily, G. (1990). Palaeohydrogeology of the Senegal sedimentary basin: A tentative explanation of the piezometric depressions. Journal of. Hydrology, 118(1-4), 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90268-3

Duchemin, G. J. (1951). L'inondation de l'Aftout Es Saheli et le poste de Nouakchott. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noir, 13(4), 1303-1305.

Duque, C., Gómez Fontalva, J. M., Murillo Díaz, J. M., and Calvache, M. L. (2018). Estimating the water budget in a semi-arid region (Torrevieja aquifer, south-east Spain) by assessing groundwater numerical models and hydrochemical data. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7200-x

Edmunds, W. M., Dodo, A., Djoret, D., Gasse, F., Gaye, C. B., Goni, I. B., Travi, Y., Zouari, K., and Zuppi, G. M. (2004). Groundwater as an archive of climatic and environmental change: Europe to Africa. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 279-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2121-3_14

Elouard, P. (1959). Etude géologique et hydrogéologique des formations sédimentaires du Guebla Mauritanien et de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal. PhD thesis, University of Paris, France.

Elouard, P., Faure, H., and Hebrard, L. (1969). Quaternaire du littoral mauritanien entre Nouakchott et Port-Etienne (18°-21° latitude Nord). Association Séenégalaise pour l'Etude du Quaternaire, 23(24), 15-24.

Favreau, G., Leduc, C., Marlin, C., and Guéro, A. (2002). Une dépression piézométrique naturelle en hausse au Sahel (Sud-Ouest du Niger). Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 334(6), 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0713(02)01763-7

Favreau, G., Cappelaere, B., Massuel, S., Leblanc, M., Boucher, M., Boulain, N., and Leduc, C. (2009). Land clearing, climate variability, and water resources increase in semiarid southwest Niger. Water Resources Research, 45(7) W00A16, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006785

Garrett, E., Melnick, D., Dura, T., Cisternas, M., Ely, L. L., Wesson, R. L., Jara-Muñoz, J., and Whitehouse, P. L. (2020). Holocene relative sea-level change along the tectonically active Chilean coast. Quaternary Science Reviews, 236, 106281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106281

Gasse, F. (2002). Diatom-inferred salinity and carbonate oxygen isotopes in Holocene waterbodies of the western Sahara and Sahel (Africa). Quaternary Science Reviews, 21(7), 737-767. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00125-1

Gning, A. A., Orban, P., Gesels, J., Diop Ngom, F., Dassargues, A., Malou, R., and Brouyère, S. (2017). Factors controlling the evolution of groundwater dynamics and chemistry in the Senegal River Delta. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 10, 133-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.01.005

Illy, P. (1973). Étude hydrogéologique de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal. Projet hydro-agricole du bassin du fleuve Sénégal. FAO Technical report, RAF/65061. Rome, Italy.

Jiménez-Martínez, J., García-Aróstegui, J. L., Hunink, J. E., Contreras, S., Baudron, P., and Candela, L. (2016). The role of groundwater in highly human-modified hydrosystems: a review of impacts and mitigation options in the Campo de Cartagena-Mar Menor coastal plain (SE Spain). Environmental Reviews, 24, 377-392. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2015-0089

Larsen, F., Tran, L., Van Hoang, V., Thi Tran, L., Christiansen, A.V., and Quy Pham, N. (2017). Groundwater salinity influenced by Holocene seawater trapped in incised valleys in the Red River delta plain. Nature Geosciences, 10, 376-381. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2938

Lacroix, M., and Séméga, B. (2005). Genesis of an endoreic piezometric coastal depression in sub-Sahelian Western Africa: the Continental Terminal Aquifer of Trarza (Mauritania). Geodinamica Acta, 18(5), 389-400. https://doi.org/10.3166/ga.18.389-400

Lebigre, J. M. (1991). Les marais maritimes de Mauritanie: protection et valorisation. Cahiers d'outre-mer, 176, 379-400. https://doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1991.3413

Leduc, C., Pulido-Bosch, A., and Remini, B. (2017). Anthropization of groundwater resources in the Mediterranean region: processes and challenges. Hydrogeology Journal, 25, 1529-1547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1572-6

Leduc, C., Sabljak, S., Taupin, J. D., Marlin, C., and Favreau, G. (2000). Estimation de la recharge de la nappe quaternaire dans le Nord-Ouest du bassin du lac Tchad (Niger oriental) à partir de mesures isotopiques. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris aSeries IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, 330(5), 355-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00162-2

Maley, J., and Vernet, R. (2015). Populations and climatic evolution in North Tropical Africa from the end of the Neolithic to the dawn of the modern era. African Archaeological Review, 32, 179-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9190-y

Massuel, S., Amichi, F., Ameur, F., Calvez, R., Jenhaoui, Z., Bouarfa, S., Kuper, M., Habaieb, H., Hartani, T., and Hammani, A. (2017). Considering groundwater use to improve the assessment of groundwater pumping for irrigation in North Africa. Hydrogeology Journal, 25, 1565-1577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-017-1573-5

Melet, A., Meyssignac, B., Almar, R., and Le Cozannet, G. (2018). Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea-level rise. Nature Climate Change, 8, 234-239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0088-y

Michel, P. (1973). Les bassins des fleuves Sénégal et Gambie: étude géomorphologique. ORSTOM, Mémoire 63, Paris. 3 vol.

Mohamed, A. S., Marlin, C., Leduc, C., and Jiddou, M. (2014). Means of groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area: example of the Trarza aquifer (Southwest Mauritania). Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59(5), 1046-1062. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.819432

Mohamed, A. S., Leduc, C., Marlin, C., Wagué, O., and Sidi Cheikh, M. A. (2017). Impacts of climate change and anthropization on groundwater resources in the Nouakchott urban area (coastal Mauritania). Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 349(6- 7), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2017.09.011

Molle, F., and Sanchis-Ibor, C. (2019). Irrigation Policies in the Mediterranean: Trends and Challenges. In: F. Molle, C. Sanchis-Ibor, and L. Avellà-Reus (eds.), Irrigation in the Mediterranean. Global Issues in Water Policy, 22, 279-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03698-0_10

Müller, T., Osenbrück, K., Strauch, G., Pavetich, S., Al-Mashaikhi, K. S., Herb, C., Merchel, S., Rugel, G., Aeschbach, W., and Sanford, W. (2016). Use of multiple age tracers to estimate groundwater residence times and long-term recharge rates in arid southern Oman. Applied Geochemistry, 74, 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.08.012

Nouaceur, Z. (2013). Nouakchott, une capitale au péril des vents de sable, de l'ensablement et des inondations. Sécheresse 24, 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1684/sec.2013.0392

Oppenheimer, M., Glavovic, B. C., Hinkel, J., van de Wal, R., Magnan, A. K., Abd-Elgawad, A., Cai, R., Cifuentes-Jara, M., DeConto, R. M., Ghosh, T., Hay, J., Isla, F., Marzeion, B., Meyssignac, B., and Sebesvari, Z. (2019). Sea level rise and implications for low-lying islands, coasts and communities. In H. O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, and N. M. Weyer (eds.), IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Ould Sidi Cheikh, M. A., Ozer, P., and Ozer, A. (2007). Risques d'inondation dans la ville de Nouakchott (Mauritanie). Geo-Eco-Trop, 31, 19-42.

Paloc, H. (1962). Carte hydrogéologique du bassin Sud-Ouest mauritanien au 1/500.000 et notice explicative d'après les travaux d'Elouard P. (1959). Technical report, Bureau de Recherche Géologique et Minière. Dakar.

Parisi, A., Monno, V., and Fidelibus, M. D. (2018). Cascading vulnerability scenarios in the management of groundwater depletion and salinization in semi-arid areas. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 30 B, 292-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.004

Sultan, B., Janicot, S., and Diedhiou, A. (2003). The West African Monsoon Dynamics. Part I: Documentation of Intraseasonal Variability. Journal of Climate, 16(21) 3389-3406. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3389:TWAMDP>2.0.CO;2

Tamez-Meléndez, C., Hernández-Antonio, A., Gaona-Zanella, P. C. Ornelas-Soto, N., and Mahlknecht, J. (2016). Isotope signatures and hydrochemistry as tools in assessing groundwater occurrence and dynamics in a coastal arid aquifer. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(9), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5617-2

Vallejos, A., Sola, F., Yechieli, Y., and Pulido-Bosch, A. (2018). Influence of the paleogeographic evolution on the groundwater salinity in a coastal aquifer. Cabo de Gata aquifer, SE Spain. Journal of Hydrology, 557, 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.12.027

Werner, A. D., Bakker, M., Post, V. E. A., Vandenbohede, A., Lu, C., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Simmons, C. T., and Barry, D. A. (2013). Seawater intrusion processes, investigation and management: Recent advances and future challenges. Advances in Water Resources, 51, 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.03.004

Wu, W. (2007). Coastline evolution monitoring and estimation-a case study in the region of Nouakchott, Mauritania. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(24), 5461-5484. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160701227612

Zghibi, A., Tarhouni, J., and Zouhri, L. (2013). Assessment of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination on the groundwater quality in the Korba coastal plain of Cap-Bon (North-east of Tunisia). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 87, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.07.009