Estado del arte sobre la representación numérica de sistemas de flujo bajo condiciones de densidad variable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.118.especial.001Palabras clave:
acuíferos profundos, flujo bajo densidad variable, intrusión marina, modelos numéricos hidrogeológicosResumen
La representación numérica de sistemas hidrogeológicos considerando la variabilidad de la densidad del fluido es un aspecto que no puede soslayarse tanto en estudios de acuíferos costeros como en muchos casos de almacenamiento profundo de residuos tóxicos peligrosos (RTP). El desarrollo de estos modelos numéricos es una labor compleja y ardua, cuyos resultados no están exentos de una apreciable incertidumbre. Ésta tiene su origen en las limitaciones numéricas de la que adolecen los distintos métodos, en la escasez de datos y en la incertidumbre característica de la información de estos sistemas. Un adecuado conocimiento del código numérico a aplicar, permitirá a los técnicos optimizar los recursos racionalizando debidamente las tareas del estudio. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estado del arte actualizado de la modelización numérica de sistemas hidrogeológicos bajo condiciones de densidad variable. Se ha realizado una revisión general de los métodos de representación, atendiendo especialmente a las técnicas numéricas y presentando los aspectos particulares que deben ser atendidos al desarrollar estos modelos numéricos. Se describieron sucintamente los códigos numéricos más destacados y se listaron los ejercicios internacionales de validación de los códigos más importantes de las dos últimas décadas, reflexionando sobre las limitaciones que arrojan sus resultados.
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