New challenges in the study of coastal aquifers from numerical modeling. The case of the Motril-Salobreña aquifer

María Luisa Calvache; Ángela M. Blanco-Coronas; Carlos Duque; Manuel López-Chicano; Juan Pedro Sánchez-Úbeda

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin/133.1/012

Autores/as

María Luisa Calvache Universidad de Granada
Ángela M. Blanco-Coronas Universidad de Granada
Carlos Duque Aarhus University
Manuel López-Chicano Universidad de Granada
Juan Pedro Sánchez-Úbeda Universidad de Granada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/133.1/012

Palabras clave:

Acuífero costero, Cambio global, Intrusión marina, Modelos de transporte de calor, Modelos de transporte de edad

Resumen

Los acuíferos costeros frecuentemente son sistemas complejos con características geológicas muy heterogéneas, patrones de flujo específicos, presencia de fluidos con distinta densidad, elevado riesgo de contaminación, tanto por salinización como por otros agentes contaminantes, y muy modificados por la actividad antrópica. Ante esta situación, la modelación numérica se convierte en la herramienta más adecuada para determinar el potencial impacto del cambio global sobre la intrusión marina en estos acuíferos. Los modelos matemáticos tradicionalmente utilizados en los acuíferos costeros han sido los de flujo y transporte de masa con densidad variable, que permiten obtener una distribución de salinidades en el acuífero y reproducir el patrón de flujo en la zona de descarga al mar. Además de estos modelos, se puede aplicar otro tipo de modelación numérica que también podría proporcionar información sobre aspectos específicos de este tipo de acuíferos. El estudio del acuífero costero Motril-Salobreña pone de manifiesto, por ejemplo, como los modelos de transporte de calor permiten cuantificar la recarga que se produce a partir de los ríos, que, con frecuencia, interaccionan con los acuíferos costeros. Además, los modelos de transporte para estimar tiempo de residencia y edad proporcionan datos sobre las vías de circulación subterránea preferencial y el tiempo de residencia del agua, información muy relevante en estos acuíferos, frecuentemente heterogéneos y anisótropos. Los retos futuros se encaminan hacia la determinación de los efectos del ascenso del nivel del mar sobre la intrusión marina y el establecimiento del grado de equilibrio de la cuña salina con la situación actual.

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Citas

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