Experimental study and numerical modeling of the nitrate transfer in a sandy soil

M. Ibnoussina; A. Maslouhi; L. Candela

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin.118.1.006

Autores/as

M. Ibnoussina Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole du Gharb
A. Maslouhi Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et des transferts Thermiques, Université Ibntofail
L. Candela Dep. de Ingeniería del Terreno. Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin.118.1.006

Palabras clave:

contenido de humedad, LEACHM, modelación, nitrato

Resumen

En las últimas décadas, la contaminación de las aguas subterráneas por nitratos en la región de Mnasra (Kenitra, Marruecos) ha sido motivo de una atención especial por la administración pública. Para analizar los procesos que originan dicha contaminación y evaluar el efecto del contenido en arcilla, se ha realizado un estudio experimental en laboratorio. Los ensayos de lixiviado se realizaron sobre 6 columnas de 1 m de altura y 0,52 de diámetro rellenas de suelo arenoso, donde se aplicaron 3 tratamientos de fertilizante (0, 100 y 200 kg N/ha). Cada columna se instrumentó con una sonda TDR vertical constituida por 5 segmentos de 15 cm para medir el perfil de humedad en el suelo. El regadío se efectuó mediante un simulador de lluvia. Paralelamente se realizaron simulaciones numéricas mediante el código LEACHM para analizar la transferencia de agua y nitrógeno (NO3-N) a través de las columnas. El comportamiento del modelo ha sido satisfactorio; sin embargo para los 3 tratamientos aplicados el modelo sobreestima las pérdidas de nitrato (NO3-N) en porcentajes correspondientes al 17%, 5% y 0% para el suelo 1 las infraestima en un 12%, 9% y 10% para el suelo 2.

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