Linking 12th century churches and marble quarries in Norway using C, O and Sr isotope ratios

Tom Heldal; Per Storemyr; Magdalena  Huyskens; Trond  Slagstad; Alf  Tore Hommedal; Gitte Hansen

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin/137.1/006

Autores/as

Tom Heldal Geological Survey of Norway NGU https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3613-568X
Per Storemyr Fabrica Kulturminnetjenester https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3146-8025
Magdalena Huyskens Geological Survey of Norway https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-320X
Trond Slagstad Geological Survey of Norway NGU https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-2426
Alf Tore Hommedal University Museum in Bergen, Department of Cultural History https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-7497
Gitte Hansen University Museum in Bergen, Department of Cultural History https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-1745

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/137.1/006

Palabras clave:

Mármol, Medieval, iglesia, procedencia

Resumen

Diversas excavaciones arqueológicas han revelado la existencia de una ciudad medieval y un lugar de comercio llamado Borgund, cerca de Ålesund, Noruega. Borgund, en la actualidad, un sitio en campo abierto, contaba con 3 o 4 iglesias en su apogeo. Bloques de mármol, algunos con detalles decorativos, encontrados en el lugar de la excavación y sillares pertenecientes a la última iglesia existente, sugieren que algunas iglesias fueron construidas con sillares de mármol, probablemente en el siglo XII. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la procedencia geológica del mármol y comparar los resultados con el encontrado en otras iglesias y ruinas de iglesias medievales en la región. Se recogieron muestras de numerosos depósitos de mármol y de seis iglesias/ruinas. Dado que todos los afloramientos de mármol en la región son mineralógicamente y texturalmente similares, no se pudo llevar a cabo la determinación de la procedencia visualmente ni mediante composición petrográfica. Además, la explotación moderna de canteras de mármol para mortero de cal ha erradicado las huellas de las canteras de mármol medievales. En consecuencia, se estudió la procedencia del mármol mediante su composición isotópica (C, O y Sr). Del estudio comparativo con los afloramientos regionales se evidencia una procedencia mayor de mármol para las iglesias de Borgund, probablemente el afloramiento de mármol más cercano de gran tamaño. Otras iglesias en la región mostraron señales diferentes, lo que indica que se utilizaron varias canteras de mármol en el siglo XII, evidenciando un patrón complejo de adquisición de recursos.

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