Origins of architectural heritage: the resources and variety of natural stones in Slovenia

Sabina Dolenec; Nina Žbona; Boštjan Rožič; Mojca  Bedjanič; Snježana Miletič; Matevž Novak; Ana Mladenović

doi:10.21701/bolgeomin/137.1/007

Autores/as

Sabina Dolenec Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering institute. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-9623
Nina Žbona Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9863-3935
Boštjan Rožič University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-5390
Mojca Bedjanič Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, Regional Unit Maribor https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6486-7699
Snježana Miletič Geological Survey of Slovenia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8798-6652
Matevž Novak Geological Survey of Slovenia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2172-8897
Ana Mladenović Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering institute https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-9427

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/137.1/007

Palabras clave:

canteras eslovenas, piedra natural, monumentos de piedra, cizlakita, canteras de la región de Kras (Karst)

Resumen

La geología de Eslovenia, que incluye rocas sedimentarias, ígneas y metamórficas, proporciona una gran selección de materiales para la construcción y el arte debido a sus propiedades y/o apariencia estética. La tectónica, que causa dificultades en la extracción, ha provocado el abandono de algunas canteras, aunque han perdurado bellos ejemplos de su uso. Este es el caso de las canteras abandonadas de mármol de Pohorje o la caliza de Podpeč, cuya extracción está documentada desde la época romana. Esta última está designada como Global Heritage Stone Resuorce (GHSR). Además, la región del Kras (Karst) es una de las áreas más interesantes, con abundantes reservas de piedra natural, y una gran variedad de calizas del Cretácico. Todas estas canteras abandonadas y las dos que están aún operativas, están asociadas con rudistas. En las montañas de Pohorje afloran granodioritas y cizlakitas verde, un endemismo esloveno. Eslovenia también se caracteriza por el uso de diferentes variedades de rocas locales, como areniscas, conglomerados, brechas, pizzaras y tobas, que dan carácter a la arquitectura vernácula. Algunas de las canteras están declaradas y protegidas por sus valiosas características naturales o como monumentos naturales. Igualmente, varios edificios decorados con piedras naturales eslovenas están declarados como monumentos culturales de importancia local o nacional o están en la lista de la UNESCO. El artículo presenta las canteras eslovenas más significativas de piedras naturales utilizadas en el patrimonio arquitectónico, sus características mineralógicas y físico-mecánicas, así como ejemplos de su uso en monumentos, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional.

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